oracle-审计3

五、管理对象审计：
/*

针对具体的一个对象进行审计不能对一个用户进行审计。
包括select、delete、update、insert、excute对象特权。

*/

--5.1 启用对象审计

/*
环境准备：
SQL> create user win identified by password quota 100m on users;

用户已创建。

SQL> grant create session, create table to win;

授权成功。

SQL> conn win
输入口令:
已连接。
SQL> create table accp
2 (
3 sid int
4 );

表已创建。

SQL> insert into accp values (1001);

已创建 1 行。

SQL> select * from accp;

SID
----------
1001

SQL> commit;

*/

--案例1：使用select审计

--步骤1：查看启用的对象scott.emp审计选项

select owner, object_name,object_type, ins,sel from
dba_obj_audit_opts
where owner='WIN'
and object_name='ACCP';

未选定行

--步骤2：开启审计对象

SQL> show user
USER 为 "SYS"

SQL> audit select on win.accp ;

审计已成功。

--步骤3：查看启用的对象scott.emp审计选项

select owner, object_name,object_type, ins,sel from
dba_obj_audit_opts
where owner='WIN'
and object_name='ACCP';

OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE INS SEL
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------- ----- -----
WIN ACCP TABLE -/- S/S

/*

******如果步骤2中使用的by access则结果如下：

OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE INS SEL
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------- ----- -----
WIN ACCP TABLE -/- A/A

*/

--步骤4：让用户对对象进行操作

SQL> grant select on win.accp to scott; --授权让用户scott可以查看用户win的表accp

授权成功。

SQL> conn scott/tiger
已连接。
SQL> select * from win.accp;

TID
----------
1001

--步骤5：检查审计跟踪

SQL> conn sys as sysdba
输入口令:
已连接。

select username, to_char(timestamp,'yyyy:mm:dd:hh') time, action_name from dba_audit_trail
where username='SCOTT';

USERNAME TIME ACTION_NAME
------------------------------ ------------- ------------------
SCOTT 2008:10:29:02 SESSION REC

/**********如果步骤2中使用的是by access则该步结果如下：

USERNAME TIME ACTION_NAME
------------------------------ ------------- ----------------------------
SCOTT 2008:10:29:03 SELECT

*/

--步骤6：清空审计记录

SQL> delete from sys.aud$ ;

--案例2：使用insert审计

--步骤1：查看启用的对象scott.emp审计选项

select owner, object_name,object_type, ins,sel from
dba_obj_audit_opts
where owner='WIN'
and object_name='ACCP';

未选定行

--步骤2：开启审计对象

SQL> audit insert on win.accp;

审计已成功。

--步骤3：查看启用的对象scott.emp审计选项

select owner, object_name,object_type, ins,sel from
dba_obj_audit_opts
where owner='WIN'
and object_name='ACCP';

OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE INS SEL
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------- ----- -----
WIN ACCP TABLE S/S -/-

/*

******如果步骤2中使用的by access则结果如下：

OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE INS SEL
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------- ----- -----
WIN ACCP TABLE A/A -/-

*/

--步骤4：让用户对对象进行操作

SQL> grant insert on win.accp to scott; --授权让用户scott可以查看用户win的表accp

授权成功。

SQL> conn scott/tiger
已连接。
SQL> select * from win.accp;

SID
----------
1001

SQL> insert into win.accp values (1002);

已创建 1 行。

SQL> select * from win.accp;

SID
----------
1001
1002

--步骤5：检查审计跟踪

SQL> conn sys as sysdba
输入口令:
已连接。

select username, to_char(timestamp,'yyyy:mm:dd:hh') time, action_name from dba_audit_trail
where username='SCOTT';

USERNAME TIME ACTION_NAME
------------------------------ ------------- ------------------
SCOTT 2008:10:29:02 SESSION REC

/**********如果步骤2中使用的是by access则该步结果如下：

USERNAME TIME ACTION_NAME
------------------------------ ------------- ----------------------------
SCOTT 2008:10:29:03 INSERT

*/

--步骤6：清空审计记录

SQL> delete from sys.aud$ ;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
****************************************************************************************
七、管理精细审计：
****************************************************************************************
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--7.1 环境准备

/*

SQL> show user
USER 为 "SYS"

create user win identified by password
quota 100m on users;

grant create session to win;

SQL> conn scott/tiger
已连接。
SQL> show user
USER 为 "SCOTT"

create table accp
(
sid int,
sno int
)
go

insert into accp values (1001,2001);

SQL> conn sys/password as sysdba
已连接。

SQL> show user
USER 为 "SYS"

grant select on scott.accp to win;

*/

---7.2 案例演示：

--(1) 查询数据库中存在的FGA策略

select policy_name, object_schema ,policy_name, policy_column, enabled, audit_trail
from dba_audit_policies;

未选定行

--(2)新建FGA策略noselect

begin
dbms_fga.add_policy(object_schema=>'scott'
,object_name=>'accp'
,policy_name=>'noselect'
,audit_column=>'sid'
,enable=>false
,statement_types=>'select,update,delete'
);
end
;
/

--(3) 查询数据库中存在的FGA策略

select policy_name, object_schema ,policy_name, policy_column, enabled, audit_trail
from dba_audit_policies;

POLICY_NAME OBJECT_SCHEMA POLICY_NAME POLICY_COLUMN ENABLED AUDIT_TRAIL
-------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
NOSELECT SCOTT NOSELECT SID NO DB+EXTENDED

-- (4) 启用FGA策略并查看数据库中存在的FGA策略
begin
dbms_fga.enable_policy(object_schema=>'scott'
,object_name=>'accp'
,policy_name=>'noselect'
);
end
;
/

select policy_name, object_schema ,policy_name, policy_column, enabled, audit_trail
from dba_audit_policies;

POLICY_NAME OBJECT_SCHEMA POLICY_NAME POLICY_COLUMN ENABLED AUDIT_TRAIL
-------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
NOSELECT SCOTT NOSELECT SID YES DB+EXTENDED

--(5) 查看FGA策略跟踪报表
SQL> select db_user, timestamp, userhost from dba_fga_audit_trail where policy_name='NOSELECT';

未选定行

-- (6) win用户操作

SQL> conn win/password
已连接。
SQL> show user
USER 为 "WIN"

select * from scott.accp;

--(7) 查看FGA策略跟踪报表

SQL> select db_user, timestamp, userhost from dba_fga_audit_trail where policy_name='NOSELECT';

DB_USER TIMESTAMP USERHOST
------------------------------ ----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT 2008-10-29 WORKGROUP\NANJING

--(8) 停用FGA策略并检查数据库存在的策略

begin
dbms_fga.disable_policy(object_schema=>'scott'
,object_name=>'accp'
,policy_name=>'noselect'
);
end
;
/

select policy_name, object_schema ,policy_name, policy_column, enabled, audit_trail
from dba_audit_policies;

POLICY_NAME OBJECT_SCHEMA POLICY_NAME POLICY_COLUMN ENABLED AUDIT_TRAIL
-------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
NOSELECT SCOTT NOSELECT SID NO DB+EXTENDED

--(9) 删除FGA策略并查看数据库是否还存在这个FGA策略

begin
dbms_fga.drop_policy(object_schema=>'scott'
,object_name=>'accp'
,policy_name=>'noselect'
);
end
;
/

select policy_name, object_schema ,policy_name, policy_column, enabled, audit_trail
from dba_audit_policies;

未选定行